Experimental Study on Thermal Regulation In On-Grid and Off-Grid Photovoltaic Systems by Using Crude Palm Oil and Calcium Chloride Dihydrate as Phase Change Material

Energy emphasizes a central role in this modern world. On 2 nd January 2015, crude oil price reached $52.81/barrel and affected
countries in the world differently. Therefore to lessen the  dependency of fossil fuels, renewable energy is undoubtedly  needed to perform energy security and reduce greenhouse gases.  Solar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and clean of all  the renewable energy resources until now. Indonesia has average  daily irradiation 4.8kWh/m2/day. One of the obstacle of solar  Photovoltaic (PV) development is the rise in temperature. To  inhibit the increase in temperature, two Phase Change Materials  (PCMs), Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Calcium Chloride Dihydrate,  are used that will lead to better power output and electrical  efficiency in on-grid and off-grid PV system.

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